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while; during; between; in the period of

During the period of / while; Before something changes or happens; Within the time when ... happens

before it happens; before doing something becomes true; before it ends/advances; before it’s no longer possible; while still in the state of not ...

Must; Should; Ought to

Should not; Must not; Ought not to

As for; Speaking of; Casual topic marker (informal replacement for は)

Very; Quite; Considerably

so much that (emphasizes excess leading to a result); to a great extent; too … to … (negative consequence)

Not really; Hardly; Not easily or readily; By no means; Far from

According to; As stated by; Per the source; Based on (what someone says)

by means of; according to; depending on; because of; due to

not at all; not ... in the slightest; completely not (emphatic negation)

Should; Ought to

I heard that; It is said that

Having done..., If...is done..., (And/just) then, Thereupon, If so

Having done that...; If that is done...; (And/just) then; Thereupon; If so

The thing that is X is the one; X is the preferable/important option; What is X is the thing that stands out; The one that is X is the better/true choice

model; type; pattern; kind; form; shape; size (d)

Please try to do something; Please take a look; Why not try

Using の to nominalize or link phrases that include another particle; Combining particles with の to form noun phrases or explanations in casual speech

Formal copula used in place of だ; Authoritative, literary tone; Used in formal writing (essays, newspapers, academic prose)