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to be; is; equals; identifies as

to be; is; am; used to state something politely

As for... (highlights sentence topic); Topic marker used to indicate what the sentence is about; Marks the topic of the sentence, sometimes with contrast

also; too; as well; even; either; neither

this (near the speaker); this thing; this one

that; that thing (near the listener); the thing referred to earlier

that (over there); that thing over there; that one over there

possessive marker; genitive marker of ownership; shows that something belongs to someone/something; the 's' possessive in Japanese

Adjectives ending in い; Descriptive adjectives that end with い; Words that describe qualities and end with い

Adjectives that can function as nouns; Adjectives that are used like nouns when describing people or things; Names of quality that can modify nouns with な

question particle; end-of-sentence question marker; used to form yes-no questions or to express wondering

Subject marking particle; Identification/attributive marking in some contexts (as in 'X is Y')

Sentence-ending particle for emphasis; Adds assertion or emotional nuance to statements; Used when you want to make something feel more definite or reassuring

Isn't it?; Right?; You know?

polite form of ru-verbs; to conjugate ru-verbs into the ます form; usage: replace る with ます to make polite statements

Polite form of Godan verbs; Convert dictionary form to polite form; Plain to polite transformation for Godan verbs

Direct object marker; Marks the object of a verb; Indicates what is being acted upon

Polite verb ending; Masu-form ending; Polite form of verbs

Negating ru-verb in the present/future tense; Do/does not + verb (ru-verb); Will not + verb (ru-verb); Not + verb (ru-verb) in present/future

Will not do; Not do; Does not do (in present/future)

and; together with; as well as