札幌市 今シーズン初めて平地に雪が10センチ積もる
EasyN4–N3Life in Japan1 min readPublished Nov 8, 2026
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EasyN4–N3Life in Japan1 min readPublished Nov 8, 2026
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Author: JLPTLab
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Words
LevelWord & meaningActions
- —７日Popular7th day of the month; seven days
- —北海道PopularHokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
- N5のpossessive marker in front of a noun; possessor + の + possessed noun (Noun+の+Noun); standalone possessive pronoun form (mine/yours) using の followed by だ/です; possessive marker; genitive marker of ownership; shows that something belongs to someone/something; the 's' possessive in Japanese; subject marker inside a noun-modifying (attributive) clause; replaces が in relative clauses (ga/no alternation, e.g. 彼の言うこと = 彼が言うこと); Noun1 の Noun2 where Noun1 describes Noun2 instead of owning it: place, time, kind, material or quantity (e.g. 大阪の会社, a company in Osaka; 7つの会社, seven companies)
- —札幌PopularSapporo (city in Hokkaido)
- N4市Popularcity
- N5でAt, in (location of where an action happens); By, with, using (means or method); Within, in (a span of time); With; By (using); Within a group or range, for comparisons and rankings (e.g. クラスで一番, the best in the class); In a state, manner or role (e.g. 一人で, alone; 先発で起用される, be used as a starter); Total, amount or price (e.g. 全部で, in total; 百円で, for 100 yen); Because of; reason or occasion (e.g. 風邪で休む, be absent with a cold; 仕事で大阪へ行く, go to Osaka for work); According to; source of information or standard used (e.g. 天気予報では, according to the weather forecast; 日本時間で, in Japan time)
- —今シーズンthis season
- N5初めてPopularfor the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
- —平地Popularlevel ground; plain; flatland
- N5にto indicate location/time/destination; to indicate the indirect object/recipient; to indicate purpose or goal in simple contexts; Target of a verb or adjective: what an action, feeling or attitude is directed at (e.g. 雨に注意する, watch out for rain; 時間にルーズ, careless about time; 規格に合う, meet the standard); Agent: the person made, allowed or asked to do something, or by whom something is done (causative, passive, 〜てほしい; e.g. 弟に食べさせる, make my brother eat; 先生に叱られる, be scolded by the teacher); The person who can or cannot perceive, understand or do something (e.g. 私には分からない, I don't understand; 君にしか見えない, only you can see it); Turns a noun into an adverb of manner, order or rank (e.g. 個別に, individually; 2番目に早い, the second earliest)
- N5雪Popularsnow; snowfall
- N5がSubject marking particle; Identification/attributive marking in some contexts (as in 'X is Y')
- N3積もるPopularto pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
- N5ますPolite verb ending; Masu-form ending; Polite form of verbs
- N5〜た・〜ている＋名詞Verb modifies noun; Relative clause: a verb phrase describing the noun that follows; Past or ongoing action describing the noun
- N5はAs for... (highlights sentence topic); Topic marker used to indicate what the sentence is about; Marks the topic of the sentence, sometimes with contrast
- N5いちばんPopularnumber one; first; first place; best; most; game; round; bout; as a test; as an experiment; by way of experiment; by way of trial; tentatively; song (e.g. in noh); piece
- N5多いPopularmany; numerous; a lot; large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much; frequent; common
- N4ときWhen; At the time of; Whenever (time when something happens)
- N3でPopularat; in; at; when; by; with; so; therefore; (and) then; accordingly; by the way; incidentally; now then; well
- N2センチPopularcentimeter; centimetre; centi-; 10^-2; sentimental
- N5だった・でしたwas or were (past tense of copula); past form of 'to be' for nouns/na-adjectives; casual past: was/were; polite past: was/were
- N5人Popularperson; someone; somebody; human beings; mankind; man; people; humans; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others; character; personality; nature; capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person; adult; grown-up; I; me; one
- —一晩Popularone night; one evening; all night; overnight
- N5こんなPopularthis sort of; this kind of; like this; such
- N4景色Popularscenery; scene; landscape
- N5～になる・～くなるTo become (an adjective); To get to be; To grow into (an adjective)
- N5〜てlink actions in sequence; and then; one action follows another; cause or reason linked to result; to do something and then do something else; to sequence actions: first A, then B; one action followed by another
- N4びっくりPopularto be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be astonished; to get startled; to jump; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
- N5ですto be; is; am; used to state something politely
- N5とquoting someone's words; reporting speech or thought; direct speech marker; quotative particle for thought or speech
- N5話すPopularto talk; to speak; to converse; to chat; to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss; to speak (a language)
- N5ている④ongoing action: is doing, am/are doing; an action in progress at the time referred to
- N5冬Popularwinter
- N5始まるPopularto begin; to start; to commence; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
- —立冬first day of winter (approx. November 8)
- N5〜て・〜でConnects clauses to show sequence or cause; Links characteristics to another fact; Used to list things or describe a situation in sequence
- —北日本northern Japan (usu. referring to Tōhoku and Hokkaido)
- N2にはin order to; as for; with regard to; for (the sake of)
- —１２月PopularDecember; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
- N4のように・のようなLike (Noun); Similar to (Noun)
- N5冷たいPopularcold (to the touch); chilly; icy; freezing; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling; indifferent; unfriendly; distant
- N4空気Popularair; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
- N5入るPopularto enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into; to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated; to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed; to be received; to be obtained; to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes); to turn on; to start functioning; to start working; to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin; to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop; to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength); to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made; to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
- N4てくるto come to do something; to start doing something; to continue doing something up to now; to have become something; to be starting to do something; to begin to do something; Movement or action directed toward the speaker or the scene (e.g. 入ってくる, come in; 電話がかかってくる, a call comes in)
- —中心部Popularcentral part; heart (of a city, etc.)
- —路面電車tram; streetcar; trolley; tramcar
- N2線路Popularrailway track; railway line; railroad; railway; track; line
- N5をDirect object marker; Marks the object of a verb; Indicates what is being acted upon
- N5取るPopularto take; to pick up; to grab; to catch; to hold; to pass; to hand; to give; to get; to obtain; to acquire; to win; to receive; to earn; to take (e.g. a vacation); to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.); to take (a measure, attitude, etc.); to choose; to remove; to get rid of; to take off; to take away; to steal; to rob; to eat; to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins); to pick (e.g. flowers); to gather; to extract (e.g. juice); to catch (e.g. fish); to harvest (a crop); to take up (time, space); to occupy; to spare; to set aside; to secure; to reserve; to save; to put aside; to keep; to take (e.g. a joke); to interpret; to understand; to make out; to grasp; to record; to take down; to subscribe to (e.g. a newspaper); to take; to buy; to get; to order; to have delivered; to charge; to fine; to take (tax); to take (e.g. a wife); to take on (e.g. an apprentice); to adopt; to accept; to take control of; to take (the rudder); to compete (in sumo, cards, etc.); to play
- —簓bamboo whisk
- N5電車Populartrain; electric train
- N5走るPopularto run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to travel; to move; to sail; to rush (to); to dash; to race; to retreat; to flee; to defect (to); to run away; to abscond; to elope; to flash (of lightning); to streak; to shoot (through; e.g. of pain); to run (through); to flare; to flit (e.g. across one's face); to spread quickly (of news, shock, etc.); to go (e.g. bad, to extremes); to become; to turn; to take to (e.g. crime); to get carried away by (e.g. one's emotions); to get involved in; to get wrapped up in; to run (through; of a road, street, etc.); to extend (e.g. of a mountain range); to stretch; to lie
- N5去年Popularlast year
- N4よりmore than; over; than; Than (comparative marker)
- N1一日Popularone day; all day (long); the whole day; from morning till night; first day of the month
- N5早いPopularfast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt; early; soon; earlier than usual; premature; too soon; too early; easy; simple; quick; fast; as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
- N5このPopularthis; last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this; you (as in "you liar")
- —十年ten years; decade
- —二番目second (in a series)
- —８日Popular8th day of the month; eight days
- N5もalso; too; as well; even; either; neither; Question word + も: every, all, both (e.g. どのケーキも, every cake; どちらも, both)
- —日本海側Sea of Japan seaboard
- N2を中心にfocused on; centered on; around; with a focus on; mainly
- N5やand things like that; and the like; and other things; items such as
- N5風Popularwind; breeze; draught; draft; manner; behaviour; behavior; cold; influenza
- N5強いPopularstrong; potent; competent; domineering; tough; strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged; good (at); skilled; knowledgeable; being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient; firm; rigid; solid; intense; strong; fierce; high; dependable; trustworthy
- N4そうPopularappearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
- —大雪Popularheavy snow; heavy snowfall; "major snow" solar term (approx. Dec. 7)
- N2吹雪Popularsnow storm; blizzard
- N2に気をつけるTake care; Be careful; Pay attention; Make sure; Watch out
- N5てくださいPlease do this (polite request); Could you please do ...; Please give me ...; I'd like you to do ... (polite)