によって・による

によって/による expresses means, method, cause, or basis. によって emphasizes how something is done or what determines something. による is the predicative/attributive form used to describe something as caused by or based on a factor. Use によって for the method or cause after a noun (e.g., by means of X, depending on X). Use による when describing something as caused by a factor (e.g., caused by X) or attributing a property to a source (e.g., Xによる理由). In many cases, the nuance is similar to 'depending on' or 'due to' in English, and the phrase often appears with verbs/adjectives that show variation, consequence, or attribution.