N414/179

ないで

V-ないでV-ないでください

Meanings

without doing
not ~ and ~
without having done

About this pattern

Explanation

Used to express doing something without performing another action, or doing something prior to another action. It emphasizes the action that is omitted or avoided. It can describe a situation where the speaker did something while another action was not performed, or it can give instructions/requests to refrain from doing something.

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Example sentences

朝ごはんを食べないで学校へ行った。

I went to school without eating breakfast.

今日は雨が強いので、傘を持たないで出かけた。

I went out without bringing an umbrella because it was raining heavily today.

彼女は私に何も言わないで去っていった。

She left without saying anything to me.

宿題をしないでテストに臨むのは難しい。

It's hard to take a test without doing the homework.

Related patterns

Or something; Any... (with question words); No matter (who)

easy to (do); likely to (happen); easy to be affected by

Difficult to; Hard to; Not easy to do something

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More N4 patterns

Or something; Any... (with question words); No matter (who)

easy to (do); likely to (happen); easy to be affected by

Difficult to; Hard to; Not easy to do something

Gradually; Little by little; Step by step

more and more; rapidly; increasing quickly; progressively

We/They/You all (plural forms); These/Those (plural demonstratives); Plural suffix for certain pronouns and demonstratives