N4137/179

Verb (dictionary form) + とい-adjective dictionary form + とな-adjective + な + だ + と / noun + だ + とNoun + と(and = listing)Quote complement: ~と言う/~と思う(quotative usage)

Meanings

  • When/at the moment
  • Whenever
  • As soon as
  • And (connecting nouns)
  • Conditional: if/when a situation occurs (natural consequence)

About this pattern

Explanation

と has several core functions at this level. 1) Time/condition connector: after the plain form of verbs or adjectives, it marks that the main clause happens when or as a result of the preceding clause. It often describes natural or automatic results. 2) Listing connector: used to join two nouns or noun phrases to mean “A and B.” 3) Quotation marker: attaches to the content of speech or thought when indicating what someone said or thought. In most N4 contexts you’ll see the first two functions most often. The key nuance is that と indicates a direct, natural sequence or a simple, tight connection, rather than a fully hypothetical or conditional mood. Remember that the timing/condition sense tends to imply a sense of inevitability or routine, whereas そして or それから would be used for sequencing actions with more emphasis on narrative flow.

Learn in context

Example sentences

雨が降ると試験は中止になる。

If it rains, the exam is canceled.

夏になると冷たい飲み物が欲しくなる。

When summer comes, I want cold drinks.

朝起きるとコーヒーを飲む。

When I wake up in the morning, I drink coffee.

リンゴとバナナを買った。

I bought apples and bananas.

彼は『はい、喜んで。』と言った。

He said, “Yes, with pleasure.”