と
Meanings
- When/at the moment
- Whenever
- As soon as
- And (connecting nouns)
- Conditional: if/when a situation occurs (natural consequence)
About this pattern
Explanation
と has several core functions at this level. 1) Time/condition connector: after the plain form of verbs or adjectives, it marks that the main clause happens when or as a result of the preceding clause. It often describes natural or automatic results. 2) Listing connector: used to join two nouns or noun phrases to mean “A and B.” 3) Quotation marker: attaches to the content of speech or thought when indicating what someone said or thought. In most N4 contexts you’ll see the first two functions most often. The key nuance is that と indicates a direct, natural sequence or a simple, tight connection, rather than a fully hypothetical or conditional mood. Remember that the timing/condition sense tends to imply a sense of inevitability or routine, whereas そして or それから would be used for sequencing actions with more emphasis on narrative flow.
Learn in context
Example sentences
If it rains, the exam is canceled.
When summer comes, I want cold drinks.
When I wake up in the morning, I drink coffee.
I bought apples and bananas.
He said, “Yes, with pleasure.”
Keep studying
More N4 patterns
Or something; Any... (with question words); No matter (who)
View detailseasy to (do); likely to (happen); easy to be affected by
View detailsDifficult to; Hard to; Not easy to do something
View detailsGradually; Little by little; Step by step
View detailsmore and more; rapidly; increasing quickly; progressively
View detailsWe/They/You all (plural forms); These/Those (plural demonstratives); Plural suffix for certain pronouns and demonstratives
View details