ことに
Meanings
- To my great surprise
- To my astonishment
- What a ...
- Especially ...
About this pattern
Explanation
ことに attaches to the preceding clause to express a strong feeling about the situation, often with a sense of surprise, relief, or emphasis. It is used to set up the speaker’s emotional reaction to something that happened or is true, and is commonly found in written or formal spoken Japanese. The phrase can convey nuances like “to my great surprise,” “as it happens,” or “what a ….” Typical contexts include reporting surprising results, fortunate events, or notable contrasts between expectation and reality. Note that the second part (the sentiment) is not a separate clause; it is a reaction to the first clause, often expressed with adjectives like 驚く, 多い, いい, 悪い, etc.
Learn in context
Example sentences
To my surprise, he passed the exam.
Fortunately, the train had not left yet.
What a beautiful thing, she smiled back at me.
Keep studying
More N3 patterns
It would be good if you do X; You should do X; It's enough to do X
View detailsIt would be nice if ...; It would be good if ...; Should ...; I hope ...
View detailsduring; while; throughout; in the process of
View detailswhile; during; between; in the period of
View detailsDuring the period of / while; Before something changes or happens; Within the time when ... happens
View detailsbefore it happens; before doing something becomes true; before it ends/advances; before it’s no longer possible; while still in the state of not ...
View details