ことなく

ことなく expresses that something happens without performing a certain action. It often adds a sense of perseverance, surprise, or a contrast to what might be expected. It is formal or literary in tone and is more common in writing or formal speech than in casual conversation. It contrasts with forms like 〜ずに or 〜ないで. When attached to a verb, it highlights that the action was completed or occurred while avoiding that specific act.