能登半島地震 ビル倒壊の遺族が国と所有者を提訴
StandardN2–N1Society2 min readPublished Nov 5, 2026
Text
StandardN2–N1Society2 min readPublished Nov 5, 2026
、。
「わじまんま」、58楠健二、。
2024、輪島7「五島」、楠。
楠、、。
、「五島屋」、。
2、221500、。
、、。
Author: JLPTLab
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Words
LevelWord & meaningActions
- —能登半島Noto Peninsula (Ishikawa Prefecture)
- N4地震Popularearthquake
- N3でand; (and) then; because (of); so; since; through (that); by; although; but; (and) yet; particle used to connect to auxiliary verbs; particle used to form compound verbs; please (do)
- N4妻Popularwife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
- N5とand; together with; as well as; with (accompaniment); along with; and (in sense of accompanying)
- N2長女Populareldest daughter; first-born daughter
- N5をDirect object marker; Marks the object of a verb; Indicates what is being acted upon
- N2亡くすPopularto lose (through death; e.g. a wife, child)
- N5〜た・〜ている＋名詞Verb modifies noun; Relative clause: a verb phrase describing the noun that follows; Past or ongoing action describing the noun
- N4男性Popularman; male; masculine gender
- N5がSubject marking particle; Identification/attributive marking in some contexts (as in 'X is Y')
- —５日Popular5th day of the month; five days
- N5国Popularcountry; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan); land; earth
- N4ビルPopularmulti-floor building; multi-storey building
- —所有者Popularowner
- N5にto indicate location/time/destination; to indicate the indirect object/recipient; to indicate purpose or goal in simple contexts
- —損害賠償Popularrestitution; damages; indemnity; compensation
- N3求めるPopularto want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to require; to ask for; to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution); to purchase; to buy
- N1訴えPopularlawsuit; complaint
- N1起こすPopularto raise; to raise up; to set up; to pick up; to wake; to wake up; to waken; to awaken; to cause; to bring about; to lead to; to trigger; to give rise to; to create; to generate (e.g. heat, electricity); to produce; to start; to begin; to launch; to establish; to found; to set up; to open; to plough; to plow; to till; to fall ill with; to transcribe; to write down (what is spoken); to turn over (a card)
- N5ますPolite verb ending; Masu-form ending; Polite form of verbs
- N5のVerb nominalizer; The one who...; That which...
- N5はAs for... (highlights sentence topic); Topic marker used to indicate what the sentence is about; Marks the topic of the sentence, sometimes with contrast
- —居酒屋Popularizakaya; tavern, bar, etc. that also serves various dishes and snacks
- N5のpossessive marker in front of a noun; possessor + の + possessed noun (Noun+の+Noun); standalone possessive pronoun form (mine/yours) using の followed by だ/です; possessive marker; genitive marker of ownership; shows that something belongs to someone/something; the 's' possessive in Japanese; subject marker inside a noun-modifying (attributive) clause; replaces が in relative clauses (ga/no alternation, e.g. 彼の言うこと = 彼が言うこと)
- —店主Popularshopkeeper; storekeeper; proprietor of a shop
- N5〜て・〜でConnects clauses to show sequence or cause; Links characteristics to another fact; Used to list things or describe a situation in sequence
- N1歳Popular... years old; age (of) ...
- N1さんPopularMr; Mrs; Miss; Ms; -san; politeness marker
- —提訴Popularpresenting a case; suing
- N5先Popularpoint; tip; end; nozzle; head (of a line); front; first; before; ahead (of); (the way) ahead; beyond; future; previous; prior; former; recent; last; destination; address; place where you do something; rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part; the other party
- —東京PopularTokyo
- —地裁Populardistrict court
- N5ですto be; is; am; used to state something politely
- —年Popularyear; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
- —元日PopularNew Year's Day
- —石川県Ishikawa Prefecture (Hokuriku area)
- N4市Popularcity
- —階建てn-storied building
- —屋shop; store; restaurant; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
- —倒壊destruction; collapse; crumbling
- N5するPopularto do; to carry out; to perform; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into); to serve as; to act as; to work as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.); to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as; to decide on; to choose; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.); to be (in a state, condition, etc.); to be worth; to cost; to pass (of time); to elapse; to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B; to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B; to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B; to feel A about B; verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs"); creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go"); to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
- —隣接Popularadjacency; contiguity; being adjoined
- —自宅Popularone's home; one's house
- —兼Popularand (concurrently; e.g. chauffeur and secretary); in addition to; at the same time; cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study)
- —店舗Popularshop; store; establishment; restaurant
- —押しつぶすto crush; to squash; to flatten; to quash (a plan, opposition, etc.); to crush; to suppress
- N4れる・られるWas done to ~ by ~; Done without consent; Done to one's dismay
- N1側Popularside (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
- —訴状Popularpetition; complaint; (legal) brief
- N5でAt, in (location of where an action happens); By, with, using (means or method); Within, in (a span of time); With; By (using)
- —自治体Popularmunicipality; local government; self-governing body; autonomous body
- N5へtoward; to; in the direction of; heading for
- N3指導Popularguidance; leadership; instruction; direction; coaching; shido (minor penalty in judo)
- N4十分Popularenough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory; sufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly; division into ten
- N4く・にadverbial form using く for i-adjectives and に for na-adjectives; describing verbs with adverbs; how to modify verbs with adverbs
- N4行うPopularto perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
- N5ている①general ている: an action or state continuing at the time referred to; ongoing action: is doing; resulting state: remains in the state after a change; habitual or repeated action: does regularly
- N4ばIf... then; in case that; when ... then
- N1補強Popularreinforcement; strengthening
- —たりPopular-ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); doing such things as ...; expresses a command; to be; indicates completion or continuation of an action
- N3使用Popularuse; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
- N4止めるPopularto stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to end; to quit; to cancel; to abandon; to give up; to abolish; to abstain; to refrain
- N5できるPopularto be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do); to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable; to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.); to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up; to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready; to grow (of a crop); to be produced; to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character; to be by nature; to be born ...; to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone); to get pregnant
- N4はずだBound to be; Expected to be; Should be (able)
- N5とquoting someone's words; reporting speech or thought; direct speech marker; quotative particle for thought or speech
- N3訴えるPopularto raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to play on (one's sympathies); to complain; to sue (a person); to take someone to court; to resort to (e.g. arms, violence)
- N5ている④ongoing action: is doing, am/are doing; an action in progress at the time referred to
- N5またPopularagain; once more; once again; another time; some other time; also; too; as well; likewise; on the other hand; while; and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore; or; otherwise; really; how; (what, why) on earth; some time (in the future); indirect
- N3についてconcerning; about; regarding; with regard to; on
- —自主的Popularindependent; autonomous; voluntary; of one's own initiative
- N5な形容詞＋名詞Describes a noun with a na-adjective.; Modifies a noun directly before it.
- —耐震resistant to earthquakes
- —長い間Popularlong time; long interval; for quite some time
- N3責任Popularduty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
- N5があるto exist (inanimate things); to have; there is/are
- N3主張Popularclaim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention; opinion; tenet
- —請求額amount billed or claimed
- N4億Popularhundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
- N3円Popularyen (currency of Japan); circle
- N1余りPopularremainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; overly; extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible; not very good; so-so; mediocre; more than; over
- N4とされるis considered; is regarded as; is said to be; is accepted as; is deemed; is reputed as
- N5がbut; however; yet; though
- N3およそPopularabout; roughly; approximately; generally; on the whole; as a rule; completely; quite; entirely; altogether; totally; not at all (with neg. verb); outline; gist
- —千万10,000,000; ten million; extremely large number; myriad
- N5やand things like that; and the like; and other things; items such as
- N3計Popularplan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
- N5万Popular10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; various
- N3というCalled; Named; Known as; As much as
- N3情報Popularinformation; news; report; intelligence; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
- N5もalso; too; as well; even; either; neither
- N3ありexistence or presence of something; to have; possess; there is/are; there exists; with; having
- N4説明Popularexplanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
- N2分かれるPopularto branch; to fork; to diverge; to separate; to split; to divide; to disperse; to scatter
- N5ている②resulting state: the state left after a change (is open, is married); used with change-of-state verbs (開く, 止まる, 結婚する…)
- —国土交通省Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; MLIT
- —有識者Popularexpert; knowledgeable person; authority (on a subject)
- —委員会Popularcommittee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting
- N5去年Popularlast year
- —１２月PopularDecember; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
- —くいPopularstake; post; pile; picket; stump
- N1破壊Populardestruction; disruption; (application) crash
- —軟弱地盤soft ground
- N4などSuch as; Things like; Etc.; And so on
- N1複合Popularcomposite; combined; complex
- N3〜的-ly, -like, -al; typical; in a ...-manner; of the ... kind
- N1要因Popularmain cause; primary factor
- N2推定Popularpresumption; assumption; estimation
- —とするPopularto try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to regard as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case; to assume; to decide that; to think that; to make into; to change into; to feel (e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word); to look; to feel like; to intend; to have the intention
- —報告書Popular(written) report
- —まとめるPopularto collect; to put (it all) together; to integrate; to consolidate; to unify; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize; to settle; to put in order; to establish; to decide
- N5ている③habitual or repeated action: does regularly; completion or experience: has done (a record of a past action)