まで

まで marks the limit or end point of something. It can indicate physical destinations (to a place), temporal limits (until a time), or extent to which something happens or a state is true (to this extent). When used with time expressions or places, it simply means “up to” or “as far as.” In the “extent” sense, it emphasizes that something has reached an unexpected or notable degree. Its nuance varies with context, from routine boundaries (go to this place) to dramatic or surprising limits (to this extent).