つまり
Meanings
- In short
- To sum up
- In other words
About this pattern
Explanation
つまり is a conjunctive expression used to rephrase or clarify what has been said, making a logical bridge from a preceding idea to a summarizing conclusion or restatement. It signals that what follows is a concise restatement or the essential point derived from what came before. It is commonly used in spoken and written Japanese to help listeners or readers understand the takeaway or the main point. Typical contexts include summarizing reasons, conclusions from observations, or rephrasing a previous statement for emphasis.
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Example sentences
This book is difficult; in other words, it will take time to read it until the end.
I'm busy today; in short, I'll be late to the meeting.
He has worked abroad for a long time, so he is fluent in English.
This plan is over budget; in other words, changes are necessary.
She is looking for a new job; in short, now is the time to take action.
I'm busy today; in other words, I can't go.
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More N3 patterns
It would be good if you do X; You should do X; It's enough to do X
View detailsIt would be nice if ...; It would be good if ...; Should ...; I hope ...
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View detailswhile; during; between; in the period of
View detailsDuring the period of / while; Before something changes or happens; Within the time when ... happens
View detailsbefore it happens; before doing something becomes true; before it ends/advances; before it’s no longer possible; while still in the state of not ...
View details