N459/179

く・に

い-adjective + くな-adjective + に

Meanings

adverbial form using く for i-adjectives and に for na-adjectives
describing verbs with adverbs
how to modify verbs with adverbs

About this pattern

Explanation

く and に are used to convert adjectives into adverbs that describe actions. Use く after an i-adjective to modify a verb (speed, manner, degree), and use に after a na-adjective to do the same for verb-modification. This form allows you to talk about how an action is performed, not the state of the noun.

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Example sentences

速く走る。

Run fast.

静かに話す。

Speak quietly.

上手に演奏する。

Play the instrument well.

丁寧に説明する。

Explain carefully.

一生懸命に勉強する。

Study very hard.

早く起きる。

Wake up early.

Related patterns

Or something; Any... (with question words); No matter (who)

easy to (do); likely to (happen); easy to be affected by

Difficult to; Hard to; Not easy to do something

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More N4 patterns

Or something; Any... (with question words); No matter (who)

easy to (do); likely to (happen); easy to be affected by

Difficult to; Hard to; Not easy to do something

Gradually; Little by little; Step by step

more and more; rapidly; increasing quickly; progressively

We/They/You all (plural forms); These/Those (plural demonstratives); Plural suffix for certain pronouns and demonstratives