米中露 史上初の3カ国首脳会談へ APEC首脳会議に合わせ19日
StandardN2–N1Society2 min readPublished Nov 14, 2026
Text
StandardN2–N1Society2 min readPublished Nov 14, 2026
、トランプ習近平、プーチン3。
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、トランプ、、。
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Author: JLPTLab
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Words
LevelWord & meaningActions
- N4アメリカPopular(United States of) America; United States; US; USA; America (land mass); the Americas
- N5のpossessive marker in front of a noun; possessor + の + possessed noun (Noun+の+Noun); standalone possessive pronoun form (mine/yours) using の followed by だ/です; possessive marker; genitive marker of ownership; shows that something belongs to someone/something; the 's' possessive in Japanese; subject marker inside a noun-modifying (attributive) clause; replaces が in relative clauses (ga/no alternation, e.g. 彼の言うこと = 彼が言うこと); Noun1 の Noun2 where Noun1 describes Noun2 instead of owning it: place, time, kind, material or quantity (e.g. 大阪の会社, a company in Osaka; 7つの会社, seven companies)
- —ホワイトハウスWhite House
- N5はAs for... (highlights sentence topic); Topic marker used to indicate what the sentence is about; Marks the topic of the sentence, sometimes with contrast
- N3大統領Popularpresident (of a country); big man; boss; buddy; mate
- N5とand; together with; as well as; with (accompaniment); along with; and (in sense of accompanying); Standard of comparison with 同じ, 違う, 似る (e.g. いつもと違う, different from usual; 姉と同じ, the same as my sister)
- —中国PopularChina; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryō system)
- —国家主席head of state
- —ロシアPopularRussia
- N3によって・によるby means of; according to; depending on; because of; due to
- —史上初first in history
- —カ国Popularcounter for countries
- —首脳会談leadership conference; summit meeting; top-level conference
- N5をDirect object marker; Marks the object of a verb; Indicates what is being acted upon
- —１９日Popular19th day of the month; 19 days; fool; simpleton
- N5にto indicate location/time/destination; to indicate the indirect object/recipient; to indicate purpose or goal in simple contexts; Target of a verb or adjective: what an action, feeling or attitude is directed at (e.g. 雨に注意する, watch out for rain; 時間にルーズ, careless about time; 規格に合う, meet the standard); Agent: the person made, allowed or asked to do something, or by whom something is done (causative, passive, 〜てほしい; e.g. 弟に食べさせる, make my brother eat; 先生に叱られる, be scolded by the teacher); The person who can or cannot perceive, understand or do something (e.g. 私には分からない, I don't understand; 君にしか見えない, only you can see it); Turns a noun into an adverb of manner, order or rank (e.g. 個別に, individually; 2番目に早い, the second earliest)
- N4行うPopularto perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
- N5とquoting someone's words; reporting speech or thought; direct speech marker; quotative particle for thought or speech
- N3発表Popularannouncement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known; breaking (news story); expressing (one's opinion); releasing; unveiling
- N5するPopularto do; to carry out; to perform; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into); to serve as; to act as; to work as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.); to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as; to decide on; to choose; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.); to be (in a state, condition, etc.); to be worth; to cost; to pass (of time); to elapse; to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B; to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B; to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B; to feel A about B; verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs"); creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go"); to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
- N5ますPolite verb ending; Masu-form ending; Polite form of verbs
- N1会談Populartalks (i.e. formal discussions); conference; meeting
- —１８日Popular18th day of the month; 18 days
- —広東省Guangdong Province (China); Canton; Kwangtung
- —深圳Shenzhen (China)
- N5でAt, in (location of where an action happens); By, with, using (means or method); Within, in (a span of time); With; By (using); Within a group or range, for comparisons and rankings (e.g. クラスで一番, the best in the class); In a state, manner or role (e.g. 一人で, alone; 先発で起用される, be used as a starter); Total, amount or price (e.g. 全部で, in total; 百円で, for 100 yen); Because of; reason or occasion (e.g. 風邪で休む, be absent with a cold; 仕事で大阪へ行く, go to Osaka for work); According to; source of information or standard used (e.g. 天気予報では, according to the weather forecast; 日本時間で, in Japan time)
- N4開くPopularto open; to undo; to unseal; to unpack; to bloom; to unfold; to spread out; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen; to hold (meeting, party, etc.); to give; to open; to found (nation, dynasty, sect, etc.); to open (a new business); to set up; to establish; to start; to open (ports, borders, etc.); to open (an account); to open up (new land, path, etc.); to clear; to develop; to open (a file, etc.); to extract (root); to reduce (equation); to cut open (fish); to change (kanji into hiragana); to flare (e.g. skirt); to slacken (into a poor posture); to extend
- N4れる・られるWas done to ~ by ~; Done without consent; Done to one's dismay
- —ＡＰＥＣAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; APEC
- —アジア太平洋経済協力会議Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; APEC
- —首脳会議summit meeting; top-level conference
- N3に合わせて・に合ったin accordance with; in line with; matching; fitting; suitable for; to adjust or tune to
- N3によると・によればAccording to; As stated by; Per the source; Based on (what someone says)
- N3主にPopularmainly; primarily; mostly; largely; chiefly
- —核軍縮nuclear disarmament
- —取り上げるPopularto pick up; to adopt (a proposal); to take up (a topic); to accept; to listen to; to take issue with; to make a problem of; to bring up (as a point of criticism); to report (news); to cover; to feature; to take away; to confiscate; to deprive (someone) of; to revoke; to disqualify; to cancel; to deliver (a baby); to collect (taxes)
- —イランIran
- N1情勢Popularstate of things; state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
- N5もalso; too; as well; even; either; neither; Question word + も: every, all, both (e.g. どのケーキも, every cake; どちらも, both)
- N3議論Popularargument; discussion; dispute; controversy
- N1見通しPopularunobstructed view; perspective; visibility; vista; forecast; outlook; prospect; prediction; insight; foresight
- N4だが・ですがBut; Still; However; Nevertheless
- —ウクライナPopularUkraine
- N1協議Popularconference; consultation; discussion; negotiation
- N1意向Popularintention; inclination; mind; idea; wish; view
- N5だto be; is; equals; identifies as
- N3ということだI heard that; Rumor has it that; It is said that; It means that
- —政府高官high (government) official
- N3今後Popularfrom now on; hereafter
- —つなげるto connect; to tie; to fasten; to transfer (phone call)
- N3ため(に)for the sake of; in order to; for the benefit of; to aim for; because of; due to; as a result of
- —第一歩Popularfirst step
- —位置付けるPopularto place (in relation to the whole); to rank; to position; to locate
- N1いかなるWhat kind of; No matter what kind of; No … (with a negative verb); Any... (with a negative verb)
- N1合意Popular(coming to an) agreement; consent; mutual understanding; accord; consensus
- N3至るPopularto arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to attain; to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; to come; to arrive; to result in
- N4ことTurning a verb into a noun; the act of verb-ing; Nominalizing a verb to talk about the action itself; The abstract or general idea of doing the verb
- N1予想Popularexpectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
- N5ている①general ている: an action or state continuing at the time referred to; ongoing action: is doing; resulting state: remains in the state after a change; habitual or repeated action: does regularly
- N3述べるPopularto state; to express; to say; to tell; to mention
- N3一方Popularone (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn; just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
- —外務省PopularMinistry of Foreign Affairs
- —報道官press officer; press secretary
- —記者会見Popularpress conference; news conference
- —ＡＩartificial intelligence; AI
- —人工知能artificial intelligence; AI
- N4などSuch as; Things like; Etc.; And so on
- N3重要Popularimportant; essential; significant; major; key; principal
- N3分野Popularfield; sphere; realm; division; branch
- —実務的practical; businesslike
- N5な形容詞＋名詞Describes a noun with a na-adjective.; Modifies a noun directly before it.
- N1成果Popular(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
- N5上げるPopularto raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room); to let in (e.g. a guest); to give; to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll; to send (one's child; e.g. to college); to develop (talent, skill, etc.); to improve; to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain; to promote (someone); to complete; to finish; to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice); to raise (one's gaze); to lift up (one's face); to look up; to do up (one's hair); to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.); to praise; to commend; to flatter; to make do (with less expenses than expected); to cover expenses (with a given amount); to set costs; to finish (one's studies); to complete (a lesson); to pass (e.g. a class); to upload (e.g. an image); to publish (on the internet); to post; to raise someone's spirits; to cheer someone up; to enhance a mood; (of the tide) to come in; to rise; to increase (of market price); to rise (of stock prices); to vomit; to throw up; to do for (the sake of someone else); to complete ...; to humbly do ...
- N3地域Populararea; region; district; locality
- N4世界Popularthe world; society; the universe; sphere; circle; world; world-renowned; world-famous; realm governed by one Buddha; space
- N1繁栄Popularprosperity; thriving; flourishing
- —後押しPopularpushing; support; backing; supporter; backer; pushing from behind (a cart, etc.); pusher
- N5へtoward; to; in the direction of; heading for
- N3期待Popularexpectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
- N3示すPopularto (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display
- —最終日last day; final day
- N5国Popularcountry; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan); land; earth
- N1首脳Popularhead; leader; top; important part
- N1宣言Populardeclaration; proclamation; announcement
- N1採択Popularadoption; selection; choice
- N5がSubject marking particle; Identification/attributive marking in some contexts (as in 'X is Y')
- N2目指すPopularto aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
- N4会議Popularmeeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention; congress
- —自由貿易free trade
- —あり方the way (something) ought to be; (present) state (of); how things are
- N5〜て・〜でConnects clauses to show sequence or cause; Links characteristics to another fact; Used to list things or describe a situation in sequence
- N2総理大臣Popularprime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier
- N1ルールPopularrule
- N3守るPopularto protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
- N4自由Popularfreedom; liberty
- N2公正Popularjustice; fairness; impartiality
- N4貿易Popular(foreign) trade; (international) commerce; importing and exporting
- N1仕組みPopularstructure; construction; arrangement; contrivance; mechanism; workings; plan; plot; contrivance
- N1保つPopularto keep; to preserve; to hold; to retain; to maintain; to sustain; to last; to endure; to keep well (food); to wear well; to be durable
- N1強めるPopularto strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise
- N3訴えるPopularto raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to play on (one's sympathies); to complain; to sue (a person); to take someone to court; to resort to (e.g. arms, violence)
- N3考えPopularthinking; thought; view; opinion; concept; idea; notion; imagination; intention; plan; design; consideration; judgement; deliberation; reflection; wish; hope; expectation
- N5ですto be; is; am; used to state something politely