である

である is the formal, literary equivalent of the copula だ. It conveys authority, objectivity, or a scholarly tone. It is common in essays, newspapers, textbooks, and formal statements. It sounds distant in casual conversation and should be used when aiming for a formal or impersonal register. When used with na-adjectives (な-adjectives), the だ/です becomes である after the noun/adjective stem (e.g., 静かである). With nouns, you attach である directly to the noun (Noun + である). In essence, である elevates the tone and often presents information as a finding or assertion rather than a casual remark.