た末・の末

た末・の末is used to describe the result or final outcome after going through a process or series of events. It often emphasizes effort, persistence, or a long period before the outcome is reached. The nuance is more literary or written when compared with everyday speech. It can carry a sense of relief, surprise, or inevitability about what comes after the preceding actions. Commonly used with verbs in the た-form or with nouns that express effort, hardship, or repeated attempts. Note that when you use Vた末に, the following clause states the consequence; with Nの末, the noun denotes a culmination after that noun-related process. Examples: - 長い会議の末、結論を出した。 // After a long meeting, we reached a conclusion. - 彼は努力の末、ついに志望校に合格した。 // After much hard work, he finally got accepted to his desired school. - 研究の末に新しい発見があった。 // After extensive research, a new discovery was made. - 苦労の末の成功を彼は喜んだ。 // He celebrated the success that came after much hardship.