精々
JLPT Level: N2
Meanings
At most
At best
No more than
Barely
Usage
精々 + 数詞/程度 + しかない/だ
精々 + ~程度である/だ
精々 + ~しても + ... (negative expectation)
Explanation
精々 is an adverb used to indicate the upper limit of what is possible, likely, or available. It expresses that something is constrained by a small margin or is not likely to exceed a certain amount. It carries nuance of understatement or modest estimation, often with a sense of disappointment or unlikely greater achievement. It is commonly used when talking about money, time, capacity, or effort, especially to emphasize that the actual amount is not high or that exceptions beyond this limit are improbable. It also appears in phrases like 精々~だ/くらい, meaning 'at best ~' or 'only ~'.
精々千円しか持っていない。
せいぜいせんえんしかもっていない。
I only have at most a thousand yen.
精々二時間で終わるだろう。
せいぜいにじかんでおわるだろう。
It will take us at most two hours.
彼は精々、そこでしかできない。
かれはせいぜい、そこでしかできない。
He can only do it there, at best.
精々それくらいの effort しかできない。
せいぜいそれくらいのエフォートしかできない。
We can only manage that much effort, at best.