のに

のに expresses contrast between two facts: what is expected or normal, and what actually occurs. It often conveys a sense of surprise, disappointment, or frustration that results from the discrepancy. It is not used for purpose or intention; use it when you want to highlight how reality differs from what was anticipated. It can be used with past, present, or future situations, and the speaker’s emotion (annoyance, admiration, regret) can come through in tone and context.