ては
Meanings
- If
- When
- Since
- Because (with nuance of condition or consequence)
About this pattern
Explanation
ては marks a conditional or hypothetical situation: when the preceding action or state is realized, the following result or situation follows, often with an emphasis on an undesirable or noteworthy consequence. It carries a nuance of limitation or warning, sometimes implying that the condition leads to trouble, a problem, or a negative outcome. It’s common in complaints, admonitions, or expressions of constraint, and is frequently followed by verbs like 困る, いけない, ならない, 〜も困る, etc. Typical contexts include: talking about what would be problematic if something were to happen; giving a warning about actions that would cause trouble; contrasting a desirable alternative to what is stated with ては. Examples (not exhaustive): 走っては間に合わない。雨が降っては出かけられない。子供は甘いものを食べては眠れない。静かであっては生活が成り立たない。
Learn in context
Example sentences
If you run, you won’t make it on time.
If it rains, we can’t go out.
If children eat sweets, they can’t sleep.
If it’s too quiet, daily life won’t work.
Keep studying
More N2 patterns
to be able to; can; possible to do
View detailsUnable to; Cannot; Cannot possibly
View detailsCan't help doing; Have no choice but to...
View detailsto not ~; un~; archaic negative form of ず used in literary Japanese
View detailsWith the intention of doing; Instead of...; Act as if or pretend; Believing that...; Thinking that...
View detailsanyhow; at any rate; in any case; I have no doubt that; probably
View details